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Area S: Synthesis with Climate Models

Our scientists in Area S will implement new parameterisations and numerics into two national leading coupled climate models and test their performance. Therefore, they provide a metric for the success of the whole project.

Synthesis of all areas

During the course of the project, Area S will use the results (e.g. new parameterizations or refined model set ups) of the other areas in the projects to further enhance and improve climate models.

  • Kutsenko, A. A. (2026): Complete left-tail asymptotic for branching processes with immigration. Journal of Applied Probability. https://doi.org/10.1017/jpr.2026.10122

  • Koldunov, N. V., Danilov, S., Cheedela, S., Sidorenko, D.,  Beyer, S., Scholz, P., Kuznetsov, I.,  Streffing, J., Koldunov, D., Pantiukhin, D., Loza, S. N. and Jung, T. 2026. FESOM2-JAX v1.0: a differentiable shadow of the ocean–sea-ice model FESOM2, cast onto GPUs. Submitted 2 August 2026. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2608.01546

  • Müller, V., Danilov, S., Jung, T.,Koldunov, N., & Wang, Q. (2026): Characteristics of coherent eddies in the Arctic Eurasian Basin halocline inferred from a model simulation at 1-km resolution. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 131, e2025JC023217. https://doi.org/10.1029/2025JC023217

  • John, A., [...], Koldunov, T., [...], Jung, T. et al. (2026): Global Kilometer-Scale Climate Storylines Using Spectral Nudging, Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth SystemsVolume 18, Issue 5 e2025MS005326. https://doi.org/10.1029/2025MS005326Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

  • Doblas-Reyes, F. J., [...] , Jung, T., [...] Koldunov, N., [...] Stevens, B., Streffing, J. et al. (2026): The Destination Earth digital twin for climate change adaptation, Geosci. Model Dev., 19, 2821–2848. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-2821-2026. 

  • Kutsenko, A. A. (2025b). Stochastic compression with and without permutations. Physica A Statistical Mechanics And Its Applications, 131194. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physa.2025.131194

  • Pantiukhin, D., Shapkin, B., Kuznetsov, I., Jost, A. A. & Koldunov, N. (2025). Accelerating earth science discovery via multi-agent LLM systems. Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence, 8. https://doi.org/10.3389/frai.2025.1674927

  • Kuznetsov, I., Jost, A. A., Pantiukhin, D., Shapkin, B., Jung, T. & Koldunov, N. (2025). Transforming climate services with LLMs and multi-source data integration. Npj Climate Action, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s44168-025-00300-y

  • Zhao, Y., Lunkeit, F. & Žagar, N. (2025). Sensitivity of stationary wave response to the position of sea surface temperature anomalies during boreal winter. Journal Of Climate. https://doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-24-0328.1

  • Lorenz, M., Viigand, K. & Gräwe, U. (2025b). Untangling the waves: decomposing extreme sea levels in a non-tidal basin, the Baltic Sea. Natural Hazards And Earth System Sciences, 25(4), 1439–1458. https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-25-1439-2025